Date of Award

1-1979

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Arts

First Advisor

H.D. Johns

Second Advisor

Craig Eisendrath

Abstract

This study, conducted by Priscilla J. Shoemaker in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Arts degree at The Lindenwood Colleges in 1979, explores the psychodynamics and processes within a small group setting focused on improving communication skills. The research group, composed of six women aged between 30 and 55, engaged in weekly sessions held in the author's home. Under the guidance of faculty advisor Dr. H.D. Johns, the sessions incorporated principles from Transactional Analysis (TA) and Parent Effectiveness Training (PET) to foster better interpersonal understanding and self-awareness.

Shoemaker structured the sessions using a curriculum developed from her academic studies and professional training. Each session employed tools and techniques such as ego state analysis, role-playing, "I" statements, active listening, and exercises targeting non-verbal communication and conflict resolution. The group also explored theoretical models including Eric Berne’s stages of small group development, Carl Rogers' theory of personality change, and Wilfred Bion’s group assumptions of dependency, fight/flight, and pairing.

The research emphasized the evolution of group dynamics over time, noting how members moved from initial apprehension to deeper emotional sharing and mutual support. Special focus was given to analyzing recurring communication patterns, psychological games, and family dynamics, especially within marital relationships. Shoemaker documented behavioral changes in group members, showing increased self-expression, empathy, and personal responsibility.

Through detailed session transcripts and reflective analysis, this project highlights the effectiveness of integrating TA and PET frameworks in small group settings for adult learners. The findings underscore the value of experiential learning and supportive environments in developing more effective communication skills, both personally and professionally.

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