Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Nutrition Journal

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of 56 days of supplementing with L-BAIBA or L-BAIBA + GOP (BGOP) on resting metabolic rate, body composition, perceptual indicators of mood and affect, and cardiometabolic markers in overweight and obese men and women.

METHODS: Healthy men and women (43.2±11.4 years, 169.4±7.6 cm, 90.3±15.6 kg, 31.4±4.4 kg∙m-2) completed a weekly exercise program and followed a calorierestrictive diet and were randomly assigned in a double-blind and blocked manner according to sex and DXA lean mass to consume daily either a placebo (PLA) (n=12 [11F, 1M]), 500 mg L-BAIBA (L-BAIBA: MitoBurn™, NNB Nutrition) (n=13 [9F, 4M]), or 500 mg L-BAIBA + 40 mg GOP (BGOP: CaloriBurn™, NNB Nutrition) (n=12 [8F, 4M]). After 0, 14, 28, and 56 days of supplementation, participants were evaluated for changes in body mass, body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), resting metabolic rate, perceptual indicators of hunger, appetite, energy, focus, attention, and concentration using 100-mm anchored visual analog scales (VAS) and mood using the Profile of Mood States along with evaluation of selected cardiometabolic markers. Dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day dietary recalls using ASA24 throughout the study. Mixed factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures assessed the main and interaction effects. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical outcomes.

RESULTS: No statistically significant group × time interactions (p>0.05) were found for body mass, resting metabolic rate, DXA fat mass, DXA fat-free mass, DXA % fat, VAS ratings for appetite, energy, focus, attention, and concentration, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, or lipid panel component. A significant group × time interaction (p = 0.011) for hunger VAS ratings was observed. Compared with PLA, BAIBA reported reduced hunger ratings after 14, 28, and 56 days of supplementation, while BGOP reported reduced hunger ratings after 28 days of supplementation.

CONCLUSION: Despite no accompanying changes in body composition, resting metabolic rate, or dietary intake, supplementation with BAIBA and BGOP reduced perceived hunger compared to PLA during the diet and exercise program.

Research Highlights

  • The Problem: Obesity contributes significantly to global disease burdens and chronic conditions, requiring multifaceted treatment strategies where dietary adherence is heavily influenced by perceptual factors like hunger and appetite regulation.

  • The Method: A 56-day prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated 37 healthy, overweight, and obese men and women (43.2\pm11.4 years) undergoing a weekly exercise program and calorie-restrictive diet while daily consuming either a placebo (n=12), 500 mg L-BAIBA (n=13), or 500 mg L-BAIBA + 40 mg grains of paradise (n=12).

  •  Quantitative Finding: No statistically significant group x time interactions (p>0.05) were found for body mass (p=0.77), resting metabolic rate (p=0.78), DXA fat mass (p=0.33), DXA fat-free mass (p=0.48), or lipid panel components; a significant group x time interaction occurred for hunger visual analog scale ratings (p=0.011), where L-BAIBA reduced hunger ratings compared to placebo after 14 days (p=0.011), 28 days (p=0.022), and 56 days (p=0.052), while the combination group saw reductions only at 28 days (p=0.014).

  • Qualitative Finding: Supplementation with L-BAIBA and BGOP stabilizes and reduces subjective perceptions of hunger during an energy-restricted diet and exercise program, though these perceptual changes do not translate into downstream physiological modifications in body composition, resting energy expenditure, or actual dietary intake.

Publication Date

6-2-2026

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